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It is undeniable that public green space has gained renewed importance following the lockdowns of the coronavirus pandemic. In cities worldwide, plazas, parks, clubs, and waterfronts began to play a fundamental role. These spaces met the needs for leisure, relaxation, and collective gathering of residents who, in many cases, spent months confined to their homes, acting as agoras within the dense urban fabric. Beyond serving as spaces for recreation and civic gathering, UN-Habitat states that these green areas directly improve environmental conditions. By helping to increase air quality, reduce the greenhouse effect, and capture carbon, their expansion, development, and maintenance should be a priority for local governments.

Many of our ideas about the cities of tomorrow are shifting as we confront today's pressing global challenges—from the climate crisis to how we will live together.

During September, the 4th edition of the Chicago Architecture Biennial took place under the title Available City, providing the perfect opportunity to open a debate on the role of architecture in urban equity.

Can architecture foster equity in cities? Are there limits to what it can achieve? From a critical perspective, we discussed this issue through an initial question posed to our readers: How equitable is architecture?

After reading and compiling all the comments received from construction professionals, students, and architecture enthusiasts alike, we agree that equity in architecture is, first and foremost, a multiscalar issue—a global problem that concerns us all.

This article by Camila Pinzón and Juanita Fonseca was originally published under the title "Arrival Infrastructures: An Approach to Migrant Space in Destination Cities Like Bogotá" in issue 30 of the Dearq journal on May 1, 2021 (DOI: https://doi.org/10.18389/dearq30.2021.07).

Within the framework of recent studies on migratory flows, dynamics and concepts have been identified that help understand their relationship with urban space and the city—highly useful for architects, urban planners, and designers. Through a review of these concepts, this article questions their relationship with the Latin American context and reflects on the utility of defining the terms arrival city, arrival infrastructures, and porosity for a potential study in Bogotá.

Below, we present it as part of a joint collaboration to contribute to the dissemination of research, analysis, and opinions developed by the national and international academic community on architecture, urban issues, and related fields.

In April 2021, the A8 Design Center at Luxe Lakes in Chengdu presented the exhibition "2 Kilometers of Lakeshore: Southwest Independent Architects 2021 Luxe Lakes Cross-Disciplinary Joint Exhibition." **Thirty-one independent architects** were invited to create installations along the Luxe Lakes waterfront. Working within a **budget of 30,000 RMB**, and drawing on self-reflection and their understanding of public space, they built **experimental, interactive, and experiential micro-spaces, presenting 31 unique perspectives on the world.** Through dialogue among the architects and with the public, the exhibition sought to further stimulate public engagement in design.

Following the exhibition visit, the A8 Design Center organized a hotpot gathering under a bridge with Chengdu's independent architects, sparking this dialogue. **We wanted to delve deeper into what this new generation of independent firms in non-first-tier cities is doing, how they are growing, and what they are thinking.**

Interviewer: Shuangyu Han
Part 1 Interviewees: Yun Lu (MUDA Architects), Youcai Pan (Wray Architecture), Hongduo Jin (Xd-Architects)
Part 2 Interviewees: Kefei Cai (Menkou Architects), Xiang Wang (TeKtonn Architecture), Yuejiu Li (a9a rchitects), Tang Zhang (YI JIE Atelier)

Since ArchDaily launched its recruitment services, we have received job postings from architectural practices of various scales across China, from Beijing to Shenzhen and Hangzhou. Highly active across diverse architectural fields with their distinct styles, these firms are looking for talented architects to join their teams. Below are six curated openings for May, along with a showcase of their representative projects. Interested candidates are warmly invited to apply.

Every year, our curatorial team presents a retrospective of house projects that stood out over the period. This collection, a small selection of the more than two thousand projects published on ArchDaily Brasil this year alone, comprises a series of residences with specific design solutions that address, each in their own way, factors such as materials, construction techniques, structural systems, building processes, and programs.

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The following article, based on the exhibition conceived by the Projective Drawing course and developed by the Digital Fabrication and Parametric Design Laboratory of the Institución Universitaria Colegio Mayor de Antioquia (FABLAB COLMAYOR), demonstrates the adaptability of undergraduate programs after COVID-19. This initiative, utilizing rendering and augmented reality, showcases a new approach to applying relevant tools in both academic and professional fields.

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The Cocina Mendoza project is located in the municipality of Ixmiquilpan, in the heart of the Mezquital Valley in central Hidalgo, Mexico. This is home to the community of San Nicolás de Tolentino and the Mendoza family, who belong to the Otomí people and held the *mayordomía* (stewardship) during 2019 and 2020.

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It might seem that the concept of “urban gardens” emerged alongside the gentrification of Mexico City—a model of food autonomy that not only provides us with fresh, organic, ready-to-eat produce, but also beautifies the urban landscape and reconnects us with nature. However, nothing could be more mistaken than viewing urban agriculture as a mere trend.

This article by Ana López Ortego (Colectivo Arquitectura Expandida) is a collaboration with Colectivo RE and was originally published on August 2, 2020, in the second edition of Huevo de pato, a publication that aims to share thoughts and experiences as a strategy toward democratizing knowledge and action.

This article was originally published in Revista Trópico Absoluto under the title "El Teatro Teresa Carreño: una historia personal" on March 6, 2020. Below, the German-born Venezuelan architect Dietrich Kunckel recounts in his own words the precise details of the design and construction process of one of the most important architectural works in Caracas, Venezuela.

INCLUSIVE ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE is a pioneering international firm integrating architecture, interiors, landscape, and graphic design. Composed primarily of designers with extensive study, work, and life experience both in China and abroad, the team is dedicated to creating cutting-edge, inclusive architecture that brings future-oriented change to the educational, cultural, R&D, office, and commercial sectors.

Marcos Parga, director of the Madrid-based studio MAPAa, presents a speculative essay titled "Everyday Rebellions." This is a series of reflections on new domesticities and some considerations regarding the challenges we face in architecture following the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing primarily on how to reimagine and update domestic groupings in our cities.

One of the key questions of Parga's research: What if we were provided with a new type of "retroactive" tools to recalibrate and unlock our domestic life and community interactions, exploring the hackable potential of today's housing blocks?

The climate crisis, resource scarcity, and socio-spatial inequality are among the challenges currently facing the architectural discipline and the construction industry. In the Chilean Altiplano—a territory marked by a wealth of natural and cultural treasures contrasting with the scarce natural resources of the desert—the Fundación Altiplano invites us to rethink heritage restoration through the lens of sustainability, community-based conservation, and participatory processes. Developed and implemented alongside the communities themselves, this model leverages ancestral knowledge and local materials, offering not only answers but also critical questions for navigating our turbulent contemporary context.

Citymakers is working with ArchDaily to publish a series of articles, conversations, and interviews with the different actors involved in co-producing the city behind the Citymakers Barcelona Lab 2021—a program whose next edition will run from November 8 to 12. For this installment, Víctor Torres, director and co-founder of CityMakers, presents his article "Re-naturalizing the City."

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The processes of city planning and development are part of complex networks, often requiring the coordination of diverse tools addressing not only physical, but also social, economic, and political planning. The Master Plan is one of the primary instruments for this purpose, playing a fundamental role in regulating a city's territory.

According to the definition in NBR 12267, which establishes the standards for preparing Master Plans, they are the “basic instrument of a municipal planning process for the implementation of urban development policy, guiding the actions of public and private agents.”

Inadequate living conditions in a building trigger discomfort and even physical pathologies in humans. Scientific experiments have shown that a lack of concentration and even everyday accidents are influenced by both high and low indoor temperatures. And while thermal sensitivity varies from person to person—depending on their clothing, gender, habits, and age—the basic principles behind thermal comfort are universal. Thermal comfort is primarily determined by air temperature and humidity. In this regard, the human body seeks to maintain a near-constant core temperature of 37°C, continuously exchanging heat with the environment.

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Archivo de Ideas Recibidas is an interdisciplinary research and dissemination project that seeks to document and connect the ideas of contributors to the contemporary creative ecosystem through art, design, and architecture. It is built on conversations between the team and various creators, delving into themes related to memory, academia, cultural context, key influences, and working methodologies.

Designated a National Monument in 2010, the National Headquarters of the Chilean Association of Architects (Colegio de Arquitectos de Chile) is a 1920 masterpiece by the prominent architect Luciano Kulczewski García. This Art Nouveau icon originally comprised two residences, each featuring a grand double-height hall illuminated by large windows, with five commercial spaces on the first floor.

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The history of painting in Mexico has a deep legacy that extends far beyond oil on canvas, as some of its most prominent figures found diverse intersections with other disciplines to develop their capacity to observe—and, above all, to construct scenes that told a specific story of their time and context. Numerous figures have elevated Mexico's reputation, positioning it as one of the countries with the greatest cultural and artistic wealth, including Frida Kahlo, Diego Rivera, Rufino Tamayo, Dr. Atl, Emilia Ortíz, and Mathias Goeritz, among others.

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The team at ruta 4 taller and architect Gregorio Ballén present the following research resulting from their undergraduate thesis at Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, with the goal of addressing the current environmental, social, economic, and political crisis. It is an investigation into new ways of co-creating architecture by including actors external to the discipline, and proposes experimentation in the co-design of spatial artifacts created in collaboration with animal species such as the silkworm.

Benches with dividers and uncomfortable shapes, sharp stones under overpasses, fences surrounding plazas and gardens, walls with metal spikes, buildings without awnings or with timed water drippers, electric fences, and barbed wire. The elements and materials used to deter people from public spaces are numerous, ultimately shaping how individuals experience cities and interact with one another. Hostile architecture—a term encompassing all barriers and urban designs that seem to say “don’t make yourself at home,” as reporter Winnie Hu of The New York Times defines it—is part of the reality in most cities worldwide, sparking growing debate over the impact of these measures, particularly on social media.