The construction sector, particularly the building industry, is one of the largest consumers of natural resources and is responsible for significant environmental impacts and CO2 emissions, according to data from the United Nations Environment Programme. According to data from the organization C40 Cities, buildings are one of the primary sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in cities, meaning there is substantial room to reduce these emissions—with CO2 being the primary GHG. Data from the National Energy Balance (MME, 2019) indicates that residential, public, and commercial buildings in Brazil consumed over 40% of all electricity produced in the country in 2018. 

+ 6

Much like schools, restaurants, shopping centers, and other crowded venues, museums around the world had to close their doors with the arrival of COVID-19. Today, some cities where infection rates have significantly decreased are preparing to reopen non-essential services. As part of this group, museums—which sought new ways to connect with the public remotely during isolation—must now adapt to a new way of welcoming visitors.

+ 3

Architect Ayesha Luciano does not know much about her ancestors. Like other descendants of Afro-Brazilian and Indigenous populations, her family history was erased during the colonization of Brazil. This is what philosopher Sueli Carneiro calls epistemicide: the annihilation of knowledge and memories in countries with a history of slavery.

Yet the perpetrators of this genocide have their figures carved in stone, occupying central positions in the country's public spaces. Such is the case with the totemic statue of the bandeirante Borba Gato in the capital of São Paulo, or of Joaquim Pereira Marinho, a trafficker of enslaved people whose statue stands in the center of Salvador (BA). The architect comments:

Even before the new president of IPHAN was appointed in May 2020, guest professors Silvana Rubino and Alfredo Manevy spoke about the various challenges and contradictions guiding cultural policy in Brazil during a discussion at Escola da Cidade on June 5, 2019. Part of the course *Seminar on Contemporary Culture and Reality*, then coordinated by Professor José Guilherme Pereira Leite, the talk took the dissolution of the Ministry of Culture (MinC) as its starting point to discuss its repercussions, particularly in the fields of architecture and urbanism.

What is your idea of landscape? Landscape Architecture—a field of knowledge adjacent to architecture and urbanism—is often translated into Portuguese as landscaping (paisagismo), a term many resist because it fails to capture the discipline's true complexity. We suspect this discomfort stems from a common architectural tradition in Brazil that views the landscape as a purely designed, static entity.

+ 8

Polis is a (hypothetical) coastal metropolis with a growing population. However, most of its infrastructure was built 100 years ago, lacks maintenance, and is unable to meet the city's future needs.

Compounding these issues, Polis is experiencing damage from rising floods and coastal erosion. Its residents, especially those already impacted by environmental pollution, suffer from heat waves and poor air quality driven by industrial activity and traffic congestion.

The air humidity is famous, reaching mercilessly low levels for anyone who has never visited a desert. Trees with twisted trunks, thick bark, and fuzzy leaves rise from the soil, attempting to defy gravity, but they contort in such a way that it is as if the heat were pushing them back toward the ground. The red earth is omnipresent, adding a touch of drama to every corner, as if the searing temperature whipped the land until it bled. Here in the *cerrado*, there is none of the density of a damp, dark jungle—like some menacing forest out of a Jack London novel, or an immemorial witness in a trance, as seen in a Joseph Conrad novella. 

Sheet metal is characterized by an excellent strength-to-weight ratio, meaning it performs exceptionally well under heavy loads despite being lightweight and slender. Because of this, bookshelves made from sheet metal offer impressive storage capacity and have become increasingly popular in apartment design.

+ 13

A faucet is a mechanical valve used to regulate (release or block) the flow of a fluid (usually water) from plumbing. While turning on a faucet seems almost mundane today, we rarely think about the vast knowledge and technology required to provide water at any given moment with a simple movement of the hand. Yet, between intake, treatment, and distribution to a kitchen or bathroom, water travels a complex path.

We must build the city through housing to address the country's housing deficit. Above all, we need not just “houses” but compact housing developments equipped with infrastructure, services, public facilities, and public spaces, featuring highly diverse housing typologies to accommodate a wide variety of family arrangements. The current incentives driving urban land speculation must be redirected through an Urban Reform.

In recent years, metal roofing has increasingly gained ground in architectural projects, from the industrial to the residential scale, especially when there is a need to lighten structural loads or span large distances. In residential architecture, this solution offers a viable alternative to traditional ceramic tiles due to its low cost, rapid installation, and the wide variety of types and models available on the market.

+ 12

Certain acclaimed architectural works are recognized by details or specific elements designed with such care and inventiveness that they become the immediate reference that comes to mind when we think of these projects.

One such element that frequently takes center stage is the staircase. This is evident in classics like Lina Bo Bardi's Solar do Unhão, featuring a singular wooden staircase that organizes the entire open space and defines the scale of the structure, or the iconic helical staircase of the Itamaraty Palace, designed by Oscar Niemeyer with the precise curves that characterize his work.

+ 11

Renovations of Brazilian modernist buildings prompt a necessary debate on how to preserve and what best practices to employ when intervening in architectural heritage. The challenges of this type of intervention are immense. These projects must be approached with great care to maintain respect for their historical significance, preserving key elements of their composition while simultaneously updating the building to meet contemporary and client demands.

Videos

Cities are on the front lines of the fight against Covid-19. This pandemic has manifested as a global crisis, and the decisions made at this delicate moment by governments, policymakers, decision-makers, and the public will have profound consequences for the future. Countless contexts are already undergoing changes that alter—if only temporarily—human behavior. Social distancing measures, lockdowns, health protocols, and restrictions on urban mobility are major drivers in shaping new urban realities.

The Cruel Pedagogy of the Virus – The pandemic has a tragic power of revelation. It exposes a series of paradoxes that were previously obscured or underestimated. In this sense, like any moment of crisis, it carries an educational dimension. Undoubtedly, given so many deaths—many of them preventable—this is a "cruel pedagogy of the virus," in the words of Portuguese sociologist Boaventura de Sousa Santos. Amidst the suffering, debates and proposals have proliferated through livestreams, articles, reports, petitions, research papers, action agendas, guides, denunciations, solidarity networks, and even self-governance initiatives in semi-abandoned peripheries. These discussions focus particularly on the Brazilian tragedy, which combines multiple crises tied to structural issues (such as inequality and racism) with a mounting crisis of reason—or simple common sense—shaping a macabre landscape of social regression, hatred, obscurantism, and genocide.

In 2013, the film *Her*, in which the protagonist falls in love with an operating system, sought to depict a not-so-distant future of a relatively dystopian reality. Although the city depicted was likely a futuristic Los Angeles, the filming actually took place in Shanghai. After visiting the city, I believe this was a wise decision, given the pervasive atmosphere that constantly evokes this very theme. I remember standing on a massive circular pedestrian overpass above the Mingzhu roundabout, which connects major avenues in the heart of Pudong, Shanghai's current financial district. Ahead of me, I saw the bizarre Oriental Pearl Tower, a 467-meter-tall TV tower built by a Chinese state-owned enterprise in 1994. Looking back and up at the Shanghai Tower—the second-tallest building on the planet at an impressive 632 meters—the impact was even greater. This is Shanghai's image to the world, the showcase of a new China, breaking paradigms and reaching for the sky.

+ 4

Universities are environments defined by the intrinsic relationship between teaching, research, and outreach. As multidisciplinary institutions responsible for cultivating and disseminating knowledge, the various facilities that make up a university not only translate (directly or indirectly) the principles of education, research, and outreach into physical space, but also serve as the stage for the multifaceted dynamics and activities that shape campus life.

+ 22

Is architecture the thinking of spaces? Is it science and art applied to places? What if someone said that architecture is designing time?

+ 9

Despite UNESCO's recognition of specific world heritage sites, some are in constant danger of disappearing due to natural phenomena like earthquakes and human factors such as urbanization. By definition, these landmarks are significant to human history, embodying characteristics that reflect the core values of various civilizations. However, many have never been experienced firsthand by a large portion of the global population.

Videos

The way you experience the city, the urban infrastructure provided in the areas you frequent, and even the job opportunities that come your way are all, to some extent, shaped by the color of your skin. These themes unfold across multiple layers to discuss racial segregation in the urban environment in the seminar "The City and Racial Subjection," organized in 2018 by the Laboratory of Race and Urban Space Studies (Labraça) at FAUUSP.

As it celebrates its 60th anniversary, Brasília has an opportunity to draw inspiration from the anti-racist and anti-colonial movements worldwide that have challenged the monumentality of official history, confronting the memorialization of colonialism within its own urban landscape. Rather than celebratory events that reiterate official narratives, marking the city as a *bandeirante* milestone of national modernity, we should pause—a pause moreover imposed by the pandemic—to reflect on how certain memories are eternalized while others are erased, and thus trace new memorial cartographies onto the urban fabric of the capital.

+ 10

+ 37

During the pandemic, major cities became some of the most vulnerable environments; moreover, the global health crisis validated remote work and called into question the necessity of living in dense urban centers. Consequently, the urban exodus is likely to remain a constant theme in the near future, sparking major discussions within the fields of architecture and urban planning on how to manage this shift.

Twenty-first-century urbanism will be marked by an increase in both the number and scale of global megacities—urban agglomerations with over 10 million inhabitants, according to the UN—alongside a geographical shift. By 2100, African metropolises such as Lagos (Nigeria) and Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo) are projected to exceed 80 million residents. The rise of these new, larger metropolises, especially in Africa and Asia, compounded by the urgent need to address the ongoing climate crisis, demands immediate changes in the discourse surrounding urban mobility.

The public transit system in large Brazilian cities was already in crisis long before the coronavirus pandemic. Transit operators have seen passenger demand steadily decline over recent decades, driven by a combination of factors: urban policies that incentivize private vehicle use; urban sprawl, which dilutes economies of scale when serving peripheral areas; rising congestion; transit routes increasingly disconnected from actual urban mobility patterns; a growing need for transfers along passenger routes; deteriorating fleets and service quality; rising incomes leading to alternative choices like private cars, motorcycles, and ride-hailing services; and, above all, steadily rising fares.