Celebrated globally every year, World Car-Free Day was established to encourage reflection on the excessive use of private cars for daily commutes and its environmental impact. The initiative encourages drivers to leave their vehicles behind for a day, improving air quality and urban life while promoting walking and non-polluting modes of transportation, such as cycling.

The event was officially launched in France in 1997 under the title "Car-Free Day," later spreading across Europe and, eventually, the world. Building on this momentum, European Mobility Week was launched in 2002, featuring an agenda dedicated to discussions and activities aimed at raising public awareness about the negative impacts of car dependency on air quality, the environment, human health, and cities. Urbanists and researchers such as Jane Jacobs, Jan Gehl, and Jeff Speck, among many others, have long demonstrated that the indiscriminate use of automobiles has severe consequences for urban environments.

The modernization of Bogotá between 1940 and 1970, captured in urban and architectural photographic essays, has been documented in various books, magazines, and photobooks of the era, as well as in images from the city's public and private archives. These photographs reveal a deliberate, and even critical, approach to how modern architecture reconfigured city centers, juxtaposing new buildings and urban spaces with the existing urban landscape.

To analyze the impact of street photography, one must look to Leo Matiz, Armando Matiz and Hernán Díaz. These three photographers captured the people, events, and urban life of Bogotá. From their extensive bodies of work, we have selected and highlighted images of streets, plazas, intersections, and landmark buildings. Whether capturing iconic or anonymous locations, these photographs cement modern heritage in the collective memory, casting architecture and urban spaces as the main protagonists.

In this edition of Bogotá through the Eyes of 10 Photographers, we explore the legacy of Hernán Díaz:

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Córdoba is one of the pioneer cities in the implementation of landscape architecture as we know it today.  Moving beyond the paved plazas of the colonial era, it was the first city in the country where the renowned French architect and landscape designer Carlos Thays designed a major urban park: Parque Sarmiento. Inaugurated in 1911 along the ravines that then marked the city's limits, the park became an integral part of the Nueva Córdoba neighborhood.

Similar initiatives followed over the years, creating highly characteristic green corridors such as the canalization and urban development of La Cañada. Later, during the 1970s and 1980s, the creation of pedestrian streets in the downtown area featured the incorporation of green pergolas, paved surface treatments, and plaza designs—such as Plaza Italia and Plaza España—led by architect Miguel Ángel Roca.

Today, this same emphasis on public and green space is no longer evident. The city currently has only 8 square meters of green space per inhabitant, falling short of the 10 to 15 square meters recommended by the WHO.

The modernization of Bogotá between 1940 and 1970, captured in urban and architectural photo essays, has been documented in various books, magazines, and photobooks of the period, as well as in images from the city's public and private archives. These shots reveal a deliberate, even critical, approach to how modern architecture reconfigured city centers and positioned new buildings and urban spaces in relation to the existing cityscape.

When analyzing the impact of aerial photography, one must consider Rudolf Schrimpff and Saúl Orduz. Although the subjects captured through the lenses of these two photographer-aviators were broad and varied, their aerial views of the city are extensive. Together, they form a consistent body of work documenting a modern city in transformation, offering insight into its urban development, as well as how various modern buildings and urban spaces integrated into and related to their surroundings.

In this edition of Bogotá Through the Eyes of 10 Photographers, we explore the legacy of Rudolf Schrimpff:

We are close to the announcement of the world's premier architecture prize. Here, we open the discussion on which architects from Portuguese-speaking countries deserve this honor. What is your take? 

Designed by Nicolás Moraga, the project Chambeque Ruins Cultural Park was selected as one of the 10 winners in the Thesis Projects category of the 2018 Arquitectura Caliente Competition (CAC 2018), a Chilean contest organized by Grupo Arquitectura Caliente and funded by the Ministry of Cultures, Arts, and Heritage.

A ruin does not only signal the end of a cycle; it is also the first stage of a long process of change. Based on this premise, the project proposes the progressive recovery of the Chambeque area through a series of architectural interventions that will shape a new public, cultural, and educational park for the city of Lota and the region.

As part of the 11th São Paulo Architecture Biennial, Ooze Architects was invited to develop Água Paulista, a project investigating the potential for decentralized, nature-based water treatment in the city and its informal settlements. The initiative builds on the experience of its parent project Água Carioca, winner of the 2017 LafargeHolcim Award for Latin America (Bronze).

When faced with a growing population, a city's first response is often to sprawl, expanding its territory. Unfortunately, this expansion is highly costly for the municipality itself and contributes to socio-spatial segregation and inequality. Cities must find a path that establishes them as prosperous places for both people and the economy. A recent study suggests that the key to achieving this may lie in “good density.”

Defining an area as having “good density” goes far beyond having a high number of people living or working in a specific space. Key factors such as mixed-use zoning, connectivity, and sustainable transportation infrastructure are fundamental.

Intervening in historic buildings is always a highly delicate matter. In architecture, whether through restoration or spatial adaptive reuse, intervention projects are often necessary to breathe “new life” into abandoned or altered structures, modifying or upgrading their use.

Alongside the challenge of preserving existing structures without abruptly altering their original design, there is also the task of introducing annex buildings or elements capable of meeting the intrinsic needs of each program without “harming” or compromising the character of the original buildings.

After receiving more than 70 submissions from various Argentine universities and cities, our editorial team selected 10 of them, focusing on projects that demonstrated critical thinking regarding contemporary issues, formal execution, and representation. The selection not only highlights projects that delivered the best possible architecture through simple design tailored to their context, program, and users, but also those showing significant attention to human scale, mediation, transition, and new ways of approaching urban architecture.

Discover our 10 highlighted projects below.

THE NEIGHBORHOOD AS A CULTURAL CENTER: Alejandro Asens - Victoria Carbonin - Juan Cardozo Sánchez - Italo Parietti

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Most of us share childhood memories of drawing little houses—a triangular roof, a door, a window, and a tree beside it. What sets architects apart from the general public, however, is that we continue to make these drawings long after we grow up. Naturally, our skills usually mature along the way. Just as our residential architecture becomes more complex and refined, our representation of trees must also evolve (that broccoli-like scribble is unlikely to impress clients or professors). While trees are rarely the focal point of a drawing, they play a crucial role in architectural composition, establishing scale, casting shadows, and representing specific landscape designs.

Alô, alô, W/Brasil… Alô, alô, W/Brasil… / Jacarezinho! Avião! Jacarezinho! Avião! / Cuidado com o disco voador / Tira essa escada daí / Essa escada é pra ficar aqui fora / Eu vou chamar o síndico / Tim Maia! Tim Maia! Tim Maia! Tim Maia!

Upon entering one of these modern gated communities, designed with the latest urban planning engineering, one experiences a calming sense of having finally found order and security. We quickly realize that this is a way of life in which precariousness, risk, and uncertainty have seemingly been abolished. The space is homogeneous, governed by specific stylistic rules. Inside, locations are well-distributed, and positions are comfortably occupied. Security forces feel genuinely present, albeit private. The streets are well-paved and signposted, despite a slight excess of signs dictating directions and rules of use. The houses display their inevitable front lawns, without fences. Everything else is functional, managed, and clean. The image of this island of serenity captures the illusions of the average Brazilian consumer dream: a region insulated from the rest of the world, where one can freely cultivate a sense of community among equals. It offers a return to nature, a worry-free life, abundant in leisure and the company of peers—a shared destiny manifesting in countless variations: vertical, horizontal, residential, commercial, private, and even public.

The city of Rio de Janeiro preserves an important and representative legacy of leading names in modern architecture. Affonso Eduardo Reidy is one of them. Born in Paris, France, he was brought to Rio at a very young age, growing up amidst the modernity and *bossa* of the "Marvelous City." Graduating from the National School of Fine Arts in Rio de Janeiro in 1930, he was a member of the group led by Alfred Agache for Rio's urban remodeling and was part of the team of young architects who designed the Ministry of Education and Health building under Le Corbusier's consultancy. Le Corbusier was one of his primary influences, alongside Oscar Niemeyer, the most prominent figure of the so-called Escola Carioca.

Given the architect's prominence in Rio's and, above all, Brazilian modern architecture, we have selected a few of his widely recognized works alongside some less frequently cited projects. We hope this guide to five of the architect's projects sparks interest among residents and visitors alike—or even those who have never been to Rio—encouraging everyone to experience Reidy's work firsthand. Discover them below!

This article was originally published on September 20, 2019.

At first glance, the outlook—both global and national—is not very encouraging; indeed, it seems as though the world is spinning out of control¹… simply turning on the news or checking social media brings us face-to-face daily with complex issues such as corruption, war, and violence. The truth is that the evidence is clear: among global afflictions, the consequences of natural disasters top the list. In this context, how society behaves as a whole in response to emergencies is well worth analyzing²…  this raises the question: how does the collective human consciousness respond when its survival is put to the test? Is it possible to find qualities like solidarity in this day and age? Let us examine two perspectives on this issue from globally renowned authors.

When developing an architectural project, regardless of scale or program, architects face a series of decisions regarding the construction method to adopt, considering various aspects—structural, economic, available labor, aesthetics, among others—in pursuit of the best solution.

To address the many questions that arise during design development regarding the choice of structural systems, we have prepared a practical guide to the main types of cast-in-place and precast concrete slabs that designers should know, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Learn more below:

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The news spread quickly that Wednesday afternoon. Chilean architect Eduardo Castillo, a partner of Smiljan Radic, was in critical condition following a car accident earlier that day in Santiago. The local architectural community barely had time to react before his unexpected passing at the age of 45 was confirmed the following morning, Thursday, October 5, 2017.

Over his thirty-nine-year career, Chilean architect and landscape architect Juan Grimm has distinguished himself by creating over 1,000 hectares of gardens and parks across Argentina, Peru, Uruguay, and Chile.

In partnership with publisher Hatje Cantz, Ediciones Puro Chile has compiled his South American works in the monograph "Juan Grimm." This art book offers insight into the development of his creations through interviews, essays, and an extensive inventory of his works, design processes, projects, and sources of inspiration.

Part of the Eixão Sul, in downtown Brasília, collapsed this morning. Two of the three northbound lanes gave way and plummeted near the Galeria dos Estados, about one kilometer from the Plano Piloto bus station.

According to a report by the news outlet G1, the collapse buried two cars reportedly parked under the overpass, as well as tables from a restaurant. While the Civil Defense reported no casualties so far, there is still a risk that other parts of the concrete slab could collapse.

In its third edition in Chile, Casa FOA invites architects and designers from the world of decoration and interior design to create innovative spaces for the home. On this occasion, we have compiled spaces with a common focus: the kitchen and the bar. Although both spaces are conceived for functional, everyday use, in these examples they combine different functions to bring people together.

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Paris is known for its efficient public transit network, which connects different modes—such as trains, subways, buses, and even bike-sharing programs—to facilitate urban mobility. Most of the population relies on public transit as their primary mode of transportation: nearly 60% of all trips in the city are made by train, subway, and bus. Yet, despite this diverse range of transit options, private vehicle use remains a persistent challenge, dominating the streets of the French capital.

When Clorindo Testa was asked how he felt upon learning that one of his works, the Casa Di Tella, was going to be demolished, he replied: “I believe that buildings are not made to last. One can say that the Roman Colosseum will endure. They are not going to tear down Notre-Dame Cathedral, nor the Duomo in Milan. But when you design a project, you don't go around thinking it will be memorable and last forever. Works of this nature have owners, and owners change their minds. People and society also change: what was valid twenty years ago is no longer valid today. It is inevitable. Personally, it doesn't bother me in the least if they demolish a work of mine; I don't design things to last forever. You make things to function when they are commissioned, and they last as long as they need to. The Casa Di Tella was built for Di Tella, and Di Tella died. In a sense, it is no longer his house... It became part of an institute that bought it. Therefore, the functions it needs are different.” [1]

Testa's words reveal a remarkable humility that seems rare in the DNA of architects who yearn for the eternity of their work. Indeed, this desire for permanence was imposed on us almost as a mandate, a necessity. Palladio knew this well when referencing Vitruvius: “utility, perpetuity, and beauty.”

Originally titled "FairBnB or how to prevent Amsterdam from becoming a hotel," in this article, City Makers co-founder and member of Amsterdam's Fair City platform, Sito Veracruz, delves into the urban dilemma facing the Dutch city due to tourist pressure driven by platforms like Airbnb and the subsequent rise in housing costs for actual residents.

Amsterdam is one of the few cities where renting apartments through Airbnb and similar platforms is legal and regulated. Here, it is possible to rent an entire apartment for up to 60 days a year without registration. It is also legal to rent out one or two rooms in a home with no time limit, which only requires meeting certain conditions and notifying City Hall.

Amsterdam ranks in the top ten cities with the most listings on Airbnb, with 17,000 apartments, and can boast of being one of the few cities in the world that derives a direct financial return from these rentals. The agreement signed between Amsterdam and Airbnb in 2014 obliges the company to collect a tourist tax (5% of the total booking amount), which generated 5.5 million euros in revenue for City Hall last year.

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The initiative is part of the citizen forum held in January 2018 in the city of Chillán, titled “Modern Landscape, Territory in Transformation,” organized by CCE Santiago, CECAL of the Universidad de Concepción (Chillán campus), and the Heritage Unit of the Municipality of Chillán (UPA).

Cities are critical to the functioning of many countries. With the rapid population growth of recent decades, urban centers have had to face a series of challenges, a primary one being mobility planning. In Brazil, with the enactment of the National Urban Mobility Policy (PNMU) in 2012, Brazilian cities received new guidelines to plan and guide policy actions toward establishing more sustainable mobility. To this end, the PNMU requires the development of Urban Mobility Plans for cities with over 20,000 inhabitants as a prerequisite for receiving federal budget allocations. Ultimately, this requirement aims to transform cities and the way Brazilians commute daily.