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Terra is the title of Brazil's participation in the 2023 Venice Architecture Biennale, an exhibition curated by Gabriela de Matos and Paulo Tavares that occupies the spaces of the Brazilian pavilion at the Giardini. Divided into two galleries, the exhibition challenges the canons of modern architecture while seeking alternatives for a decolonized and decarbonized future in marginalized ancestral narratives. Terra is the first Brazilian pavilion to be awarded the Venice Architecture Biennale's highest honor, the Golden Lion.

In an effort to expand access to the content exhibited in Venice, we present here the texts and images from the second gallery, titled Places of Origin, Archaeologies of the Future. The first gallery, Decolonizing the Canon, can be revisited here. ArchDaily would like to thank the Fundação Bienal de São Paulo, which generously provided the material from the Terra pavilion for this publication.

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During periods of heavy rainfall, news of urban disasters such as landslides, floods, and waterlogging is recurrent, resulting in loss of life and severe property damage. In most cases, the vulnerability of the affected areas was already well known, yet their occupation was not prevented. As a rule, these devastated areas are reoccupied by survivors as quickly as possible, without any mitigation work being done to eliminate the risk.

While design has become increasingly professionalized over the years, design literacy and visual thinking—the ability to understand and interpret visual resources—are becoming non-negotiable in many workplaces, even for those who do not consider themselves designers.

Visual thinking is the tool of processing information visually, using the emotional and creative parts of the brain to organize data intuitively and simultaneously through drawings, graphics, and strong aesthetic clarity and color theory.

As part of the 66 interventions planned under the Rímac River Special Landscape Project (PEPRR)—and developed by the Public Space Projects team at PROLIMA (Program for the Recovery of the Historic Center of Lima)—the Monserrate Canal Promenade and Plaza project in the Historic Center of Lima seeks the comprehensive revitalization of the historic Monserrate neighborhood. By highlighting the archaeological heritage of the canal, the project aims to integrate the memory of the historic landscape and the identity of its residents into the public space.

From fire in prehistoric caves to street lighting in smart cities, lighting has evolved steadily alongside technological advancements. In recent years, however, it has begun to transform even more significantly in terms of design and functionality, driven by a growing awareness of its impact on the environment and human health.

The role of fire in human development is undeniable. Our ancestors leveraged this discovery to cope with low temperatures, protect themselves from predators, and cook food to make it more digestible. Over time, the ritual of cooking evolved from a simple open-air campfire to enclosing fire within chambers. These chambers gradually became more sophisticated over the years, eventually transforming into the complex, modern elements that served as the starting point for the emergence of kitchens as social architectural spaces.

Regardless of its size or layout, the kitchen as a shared space has preserved its ritualistic nature to this day. In ancient times, we gathered around the fire to prepare food and tell stories; today, we meet in our home kitchens to connect with one another. The importance of this space in daily life is enhanced by kitchen furniture lines like Wasser, a brand distributed by CHC that balances aesthetics and functionality, conceiving kitchens as utilitarian and social spaces, with special attention paid to design.

Addressing the climate crisis urgently requires transforming urban lifestyles, as cities are major polluters and energy consumers. Re-evaluating motorized vehicle use, particularly individual transport, is one of the necessary shifts in urban centers. Cities that offer safety for pedestrians, cyclists, and an efficient public transit network are increasingly essential.

Encouraging the development of urban centers where people can move actively—on foot and by bicycle—for their daily activities is the path promoted by the Instituto Caminhabilidade. To this end, it established the Walkable City Award, which highlights and inspires initiatives for walkable cities in Brazil.

There are many reasons why some urban areas deteriorate while others thrive, including economic, planning, social, and cultural factors, as well as sheer chance. Understanding these dynamics—and, more importantly, minimizing the risk of decay while fostering vitality in urban areas—is a recurring theme in urban planning, driven by the shared and legitimate desire to live in beautiful, pleasant, and prosperous environments.

Today, February 17, the exhibition "Urban Transformation: Sordo Madaleno Arquitectos" opens at the Palacio de Cultura Citibanamex - Palacio de Iturbide in Mexico City. Organized in collaboration with the Banco Nacional de México, through Fomento Cultural Citibanamex, A.C., and the Fundación Sordo Madaleno A.C., the exhibition chronicles the firm's 85-year history. It constructs a narrative drawn from more than 450 projects, presenting a curated selection of 62 architectural works built in Mexico and abroad to serve a variety of programs.

Proper home insulation and selecting the right materials are fundamental when undertaking a construction project. These strategies enhance interior comfort and serve as a long-term cost-saving measure.

Today, Brazil celebrates Student Day. Established in 1927, the date marks access to a fundamental right for all citizens: education. Nearly a century later, new pedagogies and ways of looking at learning have emerged, bringing with them new architectures that embrace both pedagogical and technical advancements. With this in mind, we have gathered seven examples of Brazilian educational spaces designed after 2020. Through solutions that highlight key design aspects, these projects help outline a brief overview of contemporary references on the subject.

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Over the last few decades, cities have undergone profound and rapid transformations, which have also significantly impacted childhood. While cities grow larger and increasingly complex, the child population is facing a stark decline in urban quality of life. Children have lost their spaces in the city and are increasingly confined to enclosed, institutionalized environments.

The perception of the city as dangerous has grown stronger, establishing a self-reinforcing cycle: with fewer children on the streets, these spaces are dominated by speeding cars, which hinders public use of space, in turn fostering violence and further driving children—and everyone else—away from the streets. The rarity of children playing on streets and in other public areas of urban centers also makes this demographic largely invisible to adults and policymakers.

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Increasingly robust and promising scientific evidence can assist architects and other designers seeking inclusive design by taking diverse minds into account—that is, creating built environments that engage with neurodiversity. Neurodiversity has always been a part of humanity. The term encompasses people with a wide range of neurological conditions and was coined by sociologist Judy Singer in 1999.

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Each year, the National Fund for Culture and the Arts (FONCA), through the National System of Art Creators (SNCA), honors key figures of excellence in national culture through the Young Creators Program. By providing grants, the program supports the creative and educational development of young Mexican artists, fostering favorable conditions for the execution of original, meaningful, and positive creative projects. For this edition, the grant recipients in the “Architectural Design” category were Ruy Berumen, Diego González, Juan José Kochen, Ignacio Pérez, Elsa Ponce, Luca Salas, and Tania Tovar, who worked under the mentorship of tutors Elena Tudela Rivadeneyra, Rafael Ponce Ortiz, and Patricia Ivonne Álvarez De Anda.

Established in 1983, the Engineering Design Group of Zhejiang University of Technology is a leading engineering consulting enterprise that integrates design, construction, and research. Leveraging the robust faculty and academic disciplines of a comprehensive engineering university, the Group benefits from high-level scientific research capabilities and state-of-the-art technical equipment. Currently, the Group has over 1,000 full-time engineering and technical professionals, including more than 500 engineers with mid- and senior-level professional titles, and over 200 registered professionals, such as Class 1 Registered Architects and Class 1 Registered Structural Engineers. The team also includes high-level talents such as national and provincial Outstanding Young Architects, Engineering Survey and Design Masters, and Hangzhou Outstanding Young Architects.

In recent years, the Group has pioneered engineering practices and technological innovations in China in fields such as characteristic towns, future communities, smart cities, industrialized building, Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC), and whole-process engineering consulting. It has completed numerous major construction projects and provincial- and ministerial-level research tasks, accumulating rich practical experience and research outcomes. The Group has been awarded over 400 national, provincial, and municipal Outstanding Survey and Design Awards (Quality Engineering Awards), and more than 10 Provincial Science and Technology Progress Awards. It has chief-edited over 20 national and provincial codes and standard drawings, and holds over 100 national patents. Furthermore, the Group was selected as one of the first EPC pilot enterprises in Zhejiang Province, one of the first industrialized building demonstration enterprises in Zhejiang Province, and a National Prefabricated Building Industry Base. It has also received honors such as one of the national architectural design industry's first “Integrity Units,” one of China's Top 100 Architectural Design Institutes, and a National High-Tech Enterprise.

Adhering to its corporate mission of “Challenge, Innovation, Leadership, and Excellence,” the Group leverages the research, technology, and talent advantages of a university-affiliated design institute. It is committed to exploring high-quality, intensive development pathways, striving to become a premier, comprehensive engineering design and consulting firm in China.

Twenty years after the birth of cinema, audiences were already growing familiar with catastrophic, post-apocalyptic imagery. Cinema emerged at the end of the 19th century—specifically in 1896—with the demonstration of the cinematograph, a device capable of projecting moving images. For their debut, the Lumière brothers screened several short films, captivating the audience with movement projected onto a two-dimensional surface. Although there are records of brief recordings dating back months prior to this event, The Arrival of a Train at the Station, one of the shorts shown at the screening and filmed by the Lumière brothers themselves, is widely considered the world's first movie.

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Zoning is the primary tool for urban regulation adopted worldwide. It consists of dividing urban territory into a series of zones, establishing permitted uses for each and setting parameters for the structures that can be built on each lot. In theory, zoning pursues two main objectives: preventing nuisances generated by specific uses and limiting development density to the capacity of existing infrastructure.

Over the centuries, the history of architectural visualization has undergone numerous shifts. Its intrinsic relationship with architecture itself has sparked movements and critiques that, beyond serving as tools to represent the inhabited world, directly shape our perception of it and influence the production of the built environment. At ArchDaily, we have explored the history and evolution of post-digital representation through various articles, a subject that has been deeply explored in Mexico specifically.

Throughout our lives, we are exposed to various stimuli and pollutants that directly impact our well-being. Although air and water pollution typically garner more attention due to their highly visible and negative effects, noise pollution is sometimes underestimated, even though it poses a risk to physical and mental health, according to the European Environment Agency.

Some of the strategies to address this challenge have focused on policies that control vehicular traffic and establish schedules for specific activities. In the field of architecture, within the Mexican context, local regulations address specific scenarios related to noise produced by machinery and particular uses, such as entertainment and service centers. These regulations establish a sound intensity limit of 65 dB (decibels). However, since housing represents perhaps the most archetypal manifestation of architecture and can be affected by various noise sources, it is worth asking: How can a home be soundproofed? In response to this question, Soprema has developed several solutions to create a soundproofed environment through the different elements that make up a home.

Between August and November, reconstruction work was carried out on three classrooms at the Guadalupe Victoria elementary school, located in the Vicente Guerrero neighborhood of Villa Corzo, Chiapas, which had been severely damaged by an earthquake on September 7, 2017.

What is thermal inertia and how does it work? Consider two simple buildings: one constructed primarily of stone and another of uninsulated wood. On a sunny day, the stone building, with its high thermal inertia, will gradually absorb solar heat. At night, it will slowly release this stored heat, keeping the interior warmer for longer. Meanwhile, the uninsulated wooden building, with its low thermal inertia, will heat up and cool down much faster, quickly absorbing heat during the day but easily losing it at night.

This example demonstrates how the stone building has a superior capacity to regulate indoor temperature due to its higher thermal inertia. Architects leverage this physical property of materials to optimize building thermal performance and reduce reliance on heating or cooling systems. However, every project is unique, and the required levels of thermal inertia can vary depending on the climate and the use of each building.

Below, we examine how the thermal inertia of different materials performs across various scenarios, as well as the contribution of ceramic or porcelain tiles to achieving optimal comfort.

Whether through small physical material samples or a digital collage, a moodboard is a valuable design tool for architects and designers—an inspiration board featuring colors and elements that guide aesthetic choices. The idea is for professionals to use them as a source of inspiration to compose their projects and define backdrops, predominant textures, and highlight details. In doing so, surfaces play a fundamental role in defining a space, setting its tone much like music, where all other elements either align with or disrupt the harmony of the chosen palette.

Given the reality of climate change and the role that architecture and construction play in this arena, finding new ways to build sustainably is imperative. That is why accelerating the transition toward a zero-emissions future will only be possible through net-zero construction. The Holcim team has developed a range of solutions to achieve this goal, such as the one implemented in the Torre Moranta project in Mexico.

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The importance of conserving natural resources through sustainable housing and infrastructure is becoming increasingly prominent, prompting the architecture, design, and construction industries to remain highly aware of these needs amidst dwindling resources and a growing global population.

In understanding the pressing challenges currently facing cities, and in response to both environmental demands and technical requirements within the industry, developing innovative materials and high-strength, durable, improved solutions has become central to the construction of buildings and infrastructure.