Wars, decolonization, economic crises, civil movements, and industrial-technological revolutions: the 20th century was a period of radical and far-reaching transformations. These upheavals reshaped societies and redefined how people expressed their evolving aspirations, with architecture leading the way. Machines and industrialization promised technological progress and modernization, advocating for a clean break from the ornamented, historically rooted styles of the past while embracing a vision focused on functionality, efficiency, and innovation. This shift, embodied by modernism, introduced new concepts, methods, and material uses—all shaped through experimentation.
Driven by the acceleration and connectivity derived from the Industrial Revolution, the movement gave way to a generational rupture that reached a global convergence, bringing dissertations and approaches that, for the first time, developed almost in parallel in different parts of the world. The movement started in Europe but quickly spread to other continents. While the basic principles of modernism were the same, different regions developed their own discussions based on local culture, context, and society.
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