Have you ever asked yourself this question? At first, it may seem strange to imagine that we have not always had windows in our buildings, let alone that they were sealed with a transparent material capable of allowing natural light into dark rooms or creating a barrier against the cold: glass.

+ 12

The Pedra Furada School project responds to a demand from an institute operating in Sergipe with the goal of developing integrated solutions between technology and human processes, prioritizing education, public health, and creative economies. The school's mission is to improve educational and economic indicators in the village of Pedra Furada and its surroundings.

One year ago, on September 2, 2018, the National Museum in Rio de Janeiro, one of Latin America's most important cultural institutions, was engulfed by flames. A fire caused by a short circuit in the building's electrical wiring destroyed at least 80% of its collection, which focused on natural history and anthropology. One year later, efforts to recover artifacts and clear the debris suggest that some galleries could reopen as early as 2022, three years before the full restoration is completed in 2025.

Architectural representation, regardless of the platform—whether a plan, section, isometric, or perspective—is simultaneously a product and a procedure. As a product, it is the final outcome representing the object, articulating scale, information, and medium. As a procedure, it is the process of defining what and how to represent, dissecting and translating information—understood not only as a graphic product but as a process of analyzing, selecting, and translating from one medium to another, an objective way of thinking through which new truths about the augmented object are revealed. For this procedure and product to be complete, their information must be understood by the viewer. This gives rise to graphic standards and codes that regularize comprehension and typically relate to the constructive logic of the building or city, whether existing or proposed. Ultimately, this graphic product is an abstraction of reality—an idealized, orthogonal translation of the aspects chosen for systematization.

The Institute of Architects of Brazil - São Paulo Department has announced the winners of the IABsp 2019 Awards. Divided into 17 categories that cover social housing, commercial and cultural projects, urban design, and restoration—both built and unbuilt—as well as publications, photography, ephemeral architecture, and student projects, the IABsp 2019 Awards aim to identify the advancements and challenges in contemporary national architecture and urbanism. The initiative recognizes ingenious and significant proposals, particularly those that effectively contribute to the development of technique, knowledge, and the built environment in dialogue with nature, society, economy, and culture.

The Bamboo Experimentation Laboratory at UNESP - Bauru is one of the leading centers for bamboo research in Brazil. The group of researchers associated with the lab has produced a vast portfolio of research and products ranging from orthopedic prosthetics, furniture, and shoes to building components. In this thesis, engineer Marco Antônio dos Reis Pereira, the laboratory coordinator, presents the Bamboo Project, which is the result of his academic and research work conducted since 1994. The thesis was presented in 2012 at UNESP - Bauru to obtain the *Livre-Docente* degree in the discipline of Bamboo Design and Construction. Read the author's abstract below.

Architect and illustrator Matías Kim has shared with us a series of drawings featuring some of Oscar Niemeyer's most iconic works. With simple, precise lines, Kim explores the plasticity of the modern architect's works through static and moving images, revealing the interiors of projects such as Casa das Canoas and the Cathedral of Brasília.

It is essential that offices, workshops, and studios are attractive not only to clients but also to employees, who spend an average of one-third of their day in these environments. A poorly designed workspace can make the workday exhausting and discouraging. To prevent this, architectural design decisions can energize the space and promote team integration, even when the footprint is limited.

Videos

The Reasons Offsite, an exhibition on modular and prefabricated architecture, was created in Portugal by the studio SUMMARY and is traveling around the world. The exhibition has been shown in Albania (at Tirana Architecture Week, in September 2018) and in the United States (at the Salt Gallery of the Boston Society of Architects, in March 2019). It now has two more editions confirmed for this year, in Edinburgh and Weimar, the latter as part of the Bauhaus centenary celebrations.

For the fourth time, we are giving our readers the responsibility of recognizing and awarding the projects that have had the greatest impact on the profession through the ArchDaily Brasil Building of the Year 2020 Award. By voting, you become part of an unbiased network of jurors recognizing the most relevant projects of the past year.

Over the next three weeks, the collective intelligence of our readers will filter through hundreds of projects from Portuguese-speaking countries—Brazil, Portugal, Mozambique, Angola, Guinea-Bissau, East Timor, Equatorial Guinea, Macau, Cape Verde, and São Tomé and Príncipe—published in 2019, selecting the best built works in Portuguese-speaking territories.

On Wednesday, October 9, the 21st Brazilian Congress of Architects (CBA) began. Organized by the Institute of Architects of Brazil (IAB) since 1945, this year's edition runs through October 12 in Porto Alegre, inviting professionals and the public to discuss its theme, Space and Democracy, through events held across various locations in the city's Historic Center.

Architect Manoel Ribeiro, author of several projects for Rio de Janeiro's Favela-Bairro favela-upgrading program, was invited by the government of Cape Verde to develop a pilot plan for informal settlements in the country. The project aims to overcome Cape Verde's urban, social, and economic challenges and will be developed in the city of Mindelo, the main urban center on São Vicente Island.

Landscape design is a fundamental component of various architectural typologies, particularly for integrating buildings with their surroundings and establishing connections between spaces. While vegetation is most commonly found outdoors, incorporating indoor gardens can completely transform a project's atmosphere.

+ 13

Emmanuel leaves home with his two daughters at 5:00 a.m. every morning. They take a minibus from their home in Awoshie, a residential neighborhood in Accra, Ghana, to the business district where Emmanuel works. The round trip usually costs $0.90—equivalent to about 20% of the average daily wage in Accra—and takes well over an hour. When traffic is heavy, the cost doubles. To save on a bus fare, Emmanuel sometimes sits one daughter on the other's lap.

Videos

Through its Seminar on Culture and Contemporary Reality, Escola da Cidade invited Pedro Abramovay, Eduardo Ferreira Valério, and Paula Santoro to discuss social rights and the city. This topic has become increasingly urgent and sensitive when discussing any possibility of a democratic and empathetic city. In this video, the panel discusses some of the historical roots and contemporary issues surrounding this theme.

Rio is the World Capital of Architecture. The title was awarded by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) on Friday morning, January 18, during a ceremony held at the organization's headquarters in Paris, and stems from the hosting of the World Congress of Architects in Rio in 2020. This is the first time a city has received this designation—established last year through a partnership between UNESCO and the International Union of Architects (UIA).

Conceived by Tatiane Gonzalez from Ateliê Digital Analógico, "Incerteza Invisível" is a large-scale technological urban intervention in the form of projection mapping, created by an all-female group.

The Unidos da Tijuca samba school has announced the theme for its 2020 Carnival parade at Marquês de Sapucaí: "Architecture and Urbanism." The choice was inspired by Rio de Janeiro's designation as the first World Capital of Architecture by UNESCO, as well as the city's selection to host the World Congress of Architects, an event organized by the International Union of Architects (UIA) that is expected to attract around 15,000 professionals and will take place in July next year.

The results of the International Ideas Competition for Thematic Pavilions for Expo 2023 in Argentina have been announced. Organized by the Central Society of Architects (SCA) and the Association of Architects of the Province of Buenos Aires (CAPBA), and sponsored by the Argentine Federation of Architecture Organizations (FADEA), the international competition invited participants to design two pavilions to serve as exhibition spaces for the Expo's themes.

Blind walls, or facades without openings, are rarely the primary design concept in homes, but rather the result of a need for privacy in certain spaces, especially when the setback from neighboring buildings is minimal or nonexistent. However, blind walls can take center stage in a building's overall composition—whether through the contrast between solids and voids, the enhancement of the wall in other ways (such as the application of paint, texture, vertical gardens, etc.), or, finally, by positioning the blind wall on the front facade. This creates a "role reversal" between the side facades, usually resigned to a lack of openings, and the front and/or rear facades, which normally feature them.

“On Growth and Form”, written by biologist and mathematician D’Arcy Wentworth Thompson [1860-1948], is considered the greatest work of prose in twentieth-century science, highlighting the role of physics and mechanics in determining the form and structure of organisms. The book immediately became a classic for exploring natural geometries in the dynamics of growth and physical processes. Thompson reveals himself to be a great scientist, sensitive to the fascination and beauty of the natural world, writing in a style that led the specialized press to call his work “as much good literature as science; a discourse on science as if it were a matter of humanity.”

Following the social crisis in Chile, ArchDaily began a series of conversations with various urban and territorial specialists to understand its impact on our cities and the contribution of our discipline. On this occasion, we spoke with Chilean geographer Juan Correa, research coordinator at Fundación Vivienda and guest academic at the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of the University of Chile.

Architecture, as a design discipline, relies heavily on visual communication. The advent of new technologies and the exploration of new digital graphic representation techniques reflect architects' growing interest in expressive fields. The need to convey a message and embody ideas, narrating the values and reflections that structure an architectural project, places graphic communication tools in a position of particular relevance.

If this intrinsic need to convey information exists within the architectural field, could comics, as a narrative medium, serve as a useful tool for design communication?

Álvaro Siza and Carlos Castanheira have unveiled the design for another major structure in Asia, this time for the Haishang Museum, located in the Jiading District of Shanghai, China. The proposal comprises a museum building and three smaller structures—a pavilion, a tea house, and a bridge.