Looking back at 2021, two pivotal developments exerted a transformative influence on the architectural design community.

The first was the passing of High-Tech pioneer Richard Rogers (Richard Rogers). German art historian Hans Belting once remarked: "When people call for a new art, it is architecture and design that step forward as a symbol of a new society, carrying the hope of changing living space. And as people envision changes to their living space, they themselves change as well." Rogers was among the first to step forward at the close of the 20th century. His bold, rebellious, and iconoclastic design approach unlocked a new paradigm for the urban landscape. Having practiced continuously until his retirement last year, his career was a constant testament to the critical importance of design direction. In turn, one cannot help but ask: as the giants of our era gradually depart, are we prepared to shoulder the true mission of architecture?

The second was the controversy surrounding architect Tao Lei's design on the television show Dream Home. A 1.32-million-yuan red-brick house designed for an elderly client was met with widespread online backlash, laying bare the deep friction between architectural aesthetics and daily life. It prompts us to ask: Is the aesthetic pursued by architects truly aligned with the expectations of everyday people? Can architectural design reshape public aesthetic perception? Does social class dictate design outcomes? And should a project be dismissed based on sensationalized, fragmented headlines by those who have never actually experienced the space?

"Despair, like hope, is but vanity." ArchDaily’s keyword for this year is: Cultivating internal strength and external reach. Internally (Platform Responsibility): Providing tools, inspiration, and knowledge gathered from all directions to continuously overcome, triumph, and transform, building a broader "design universe." Externally (Communication Responsibility): Stepping outside the architectural "comfort zone" to center public needs, delivering clearer insights and evidence-based processes, and crafting more creative architectural content.

Architecture and the spaces that surround us, much like art, fashion, food, and so many other aspects that support the physical and social construction of a society, play an essential role in maintaining the moral and cultural values established within it. Among built spaces, housing has perhaps played the primary role in producing and reproducing power relations both within and beyond the private sphere.

From a gender and sexuality perspective, it is within the domestic environment that we most explicitly observe the use of architecture as a moral vector, aiding in the construction of specific roles for female and male figures, and in establishing the nuclear family as the foundation of Western society.

An increasing number of people live in urban areas. UN-Habitat's World Cities Report 2022 reveals that this share rose from 25% in 1950 to over 50% in 2020, with projections indicating it will reach 58% over the next five decades. The survey also indicates that by 2070, the number of municipalities in low-income countries will increase by 76%, while in high- and lower-middle-income nations, this growth will hover around 20%. Furthermore, the study notes that this scenario highlights the urgent need for cities to be designed and managed so that future growth does not overwhelm existing infrastructure, open spaces, and services—which would lead to unsustainable sprawl.

As part of the cultural agenda of LIGA, Espacio para arquitectura in Mexico City, the work of a Cuban architecture office is presented for the first time: Infraestudio. The studio, composed of Anadis González and Fernando Martirena, addresses various conflicts and challenges in their daily practice, including job precarity in a context where private architectural practice is illegal. Despite this obstacle, they have managed to develop a provocative body of built work, intertwining it with proposals linked to artistic practices.

On June 7, 2022, the podcast A Mulher da Casa Abandonada was released, telling the true story of a Brazilian aristocrat who fled trial in the United States in the 2000s. The show sparked widespread public fascination over the nearly two months during which the episodes were released. Among the elements that shape the narrative, the house and the neighborhood became key supporting characters in both the story and its reception, illustrating and laying bare how our society—and its territory—are shaped by structural racism.

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While typical floor plans tend to prevail in residential buildings, no two apartments are ever truly identical. Designing the interiors of these spaces requires much more than simply decorating a layout previously conceived by another architect. Among the many challenges of these projects are reconfiguring the structure to expand spaces, enhancing natural light, creating spatial permeability, and introducing decorative or landscaping elements that reflect the residents' personalities. In 2023, numerous projects showcased inspiring apartments. To provide a representative overview, we compiled the Brazilian apartments that were most visited by the ArchDaily Brasil audience over the past year. 

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Have you ever stopped to reflect on whether your city's downtown streets influence how you behave?

City centers are urban microcosms where women’s experiences, in particular, are both profound and silent. In 2022, an ethnographic exercise shed light on the dynamics lived by women navigating four locations in downtown Curitiba: the Guadalupe Terminal, the corner of Rua Pedro Ivo and Travessa da Lapa, the pedestrianized stretch of Rua XV de Novembro (between Rua Marechal Floriano Peixoto and Rua Monsenhor Celso), and Praça General Osório.

Project Positioning: Urban Renewal, Bay Area Cultural Landmark, Cultural Services for an Ancient Town's Historical Community
Nantou Ancient City is located in the rapidly developing Nanshan District of Shenzhen. Situated on the eastern bank of the Pearl River Estuary, its history dates back nearly 1,700 years to the establishment of Dongguan County in 331 AD (the sixth year of the Xianhe era in the Eastern Jin Dynasty) [1]. With Shenzhen’s reform and opening up, the area has not only preserved the spatial layout of its historical village settlement but has also integrated industrial development and high-density housing, evolving into Shenzhen’s most unique “urban village” (chengzhongcun). In 2019, with the official launch of the Nantou Ancient City Protection and Utilization Project, two core questions emerged: how to unearth Nantou's historical context, and how to address the contemporary challenges of urban renewal through innovative design? These questions became the starting point for our team, Diameter Narrative Design (DND), in curating and designing the visitor experience for the “Shared Origins Museum Group” (Tongyuan Guanqun). Nantou's history dates back to 110 BC, when the Han government established the Panyu salt office here to oversee salt production along the eastern shore of the Pearl River Estuary. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the seats of both Dongguan County and Bao'an County were set in the Nantou area, extending Dongguan's jurisdiction from the eastern bank of the estuary to what is now eastern Guangdong. Subsequently, successive imperial dynasties established political, economic, and military administrative organs in Nantou. Consequently, Nantou is not only a witness to the shared roots of Shenzhen and Hong Kong but has also directly experienced the historical evolution of the Greater Bay Area. From its inception, the Nantou project aimed to become a cultural landmark for the Greater Bay Area, with the “Shared Origins Museum Group” serving as both a physical manifestation of Nantou's historical value and a hub for community public cultural services.

Applying neuroscience to architecture, specifically within the realm of neurogastronomy, provides a unique understanding of the intersection between human sensory domains and the built environment. It seeks to understand brain function in relation to eating, which has traditionally been viewed as a process limited to the mouth and stomach. Ultimately, it is the brain that eats. Accordingly, this article aims to consolidate scientific concepts related to neurogastronomy applied to architecture, examining the dining experience and architectural spaces, with a particular focus on active aging.

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The city of São Paulo, characterized by its vastness and cultural diversity, is also frequently the stage for conflicts over the occupation of its urban space. Spanning more than four decades, the dispute over the plot adjacent to the Teatro Oficina, designed by Lina Bo Bardi in the Bixiga neighborhood, has finally culminated in the creation of a long-awaited public amenity: the Rio Bixiga Park. This milestone is not only a victory for the local and artistic community but also a remarkable achievement for the right to the city and public leisure in São Paulo, especially after years of confrontation with the Silvio Santos Group.

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One of the key themes of the past year was reclaiming the connection between humans and nature—or rather, recognizing that we are not separate from it. Strategies such as biophilia, biomimicry, and approaches drawing from vernacular and ancestral techniques show that incorporating natural elements into architecture is no longer just a compositional choice, but a practice that directly influences behavioral and health outcomes. Consequently, landscape design goes beyond mere aesthetics, turning yards, gardens, and outdoor spaces into functional and therapeutic extensions of the home.

I was intrigued to read on UOL that Silicon Valley billionaires plan to build a perfect city from scratch in California. But what, after all, actually makes a perfect city?

According to the article, the city would feature high-quality public services, walkability, lush greenery, and safety, along with housing at various price points and sizes, all integrated with shops, schools, and restaurants.

In addition, the city would offer high-paying jobs for its residents, while local schools would train people from the area to work in local businesses.

In Brazil, popular festivals share a deep spatial, historical, and symbolic connection with urban public spaces, providing a unique experience of collective occupation, appropriation, and reimagining of these sites during their occurrence. These events not only utilize urban spaces in ways that differ from their daily routines, but they also constitute the cultural and social landscape of cities, offering alternative ways of perceiving them. By appropriating the streets—in their full potential and broadest sense—these festivities imbue them with new uses, which often transcend and subvert their everyday functions.

A quick scan of Africa's 100 largest cities yields few surprises. Most are located in the continent's wealthiest nations. The majority serve as national or regional/state capitals. At least half feature river or sea ports. Many have had railway stations for decades and, more recently, airports and highway connections. A large number host universities. All have Wikipedia profiles, many of which span several pages.

Although people with disabilities represent nearly 15% of the global population, and more than half of them live in urban areas, our cities rarely meet their needs. Most are designed from the perspective of non-disabled people traveling by private transport (such as cars and motorcycles), rather than those who walk, cycle, or use public transportation. 

Weary of minimalist, cookie-cutter standards, people are increasingly seeking spaces with character, featuring pieces that reflect their own identity. At least, that is one interpretation when we consider that kitchens with "bold colors, clashing patterns, artwork, plants, and, of course, the mandatory refrigerator penguin" are trending in Pinterest for 2024. Fueled by the return of a kitsch aesthetic and these eclectic elements, we have selected several projects published on ArchDaily to inspire a transformation in this essential household space.

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PILLS is a multidisciplinary architecture studio based in Beijing and Shenzhen. Our practice spans speculative fields including architecture and interior design, installation and exhibition design, urban and landscape design, as well as cross-media production and cultural dissemination. Ranging from installations to public buildings, and from cultural projects to commercial developments, PILLS actively responds to diverse urban and architectural design needs while driving the production of contemporary architectural culture through various media.

The architectural, research, and art projects of PILLS are widely recognized within the industry. The studio's work has been showcased in major international exhibitions, including the Venice Architecture Biennale, the Lisbon Architecture Triennale, the Oslo Architecture Triennale, the Seoul Biennale of Architecture and Urbanism, Helsinki Design Week, the Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture (UABB) of Shenzhen and Hong Kong, the Shanghai Urban Space Art Season (SUSAS), the Beijing Art Biennale, the National Exhibition of Fine Arts, the Power Station of Art (PSA) Emerging Curators Project in Shanghai, the Hyundai Motorstudio Beijing Youth Curator Program, Get It Louder, the "Nine-Tiered Pagoda" exhibition at Pingshan Art Museum in Shenzhen, and the "A New Generation of Working Methods" exhibition at Wind H Art Center. The studio's work has also received numerous awards, including the New York ADC Awards for Design Studio of the Year, Best of Discipline, and Gold Cube; the London Design Awards Platinum Winner (highest honor); the MUSE Design Awards Platinum Winner (highest honor); the Norman Foster Foundation "Kharkiv Housing Challenge" Second Prize; First Prize in the Fairy Tales Competition; First Prize in the Jacques Rougerie Foundation Competition; and the Organizing Committee Award and Academic Committee Award of the Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture (UABB).

Wang Zigeng, founder and principal architect of PILLS, is an architect, artist, and curator. He is an Associate Professor and Deputy Head of the Department of Architecture at the School of Architecture, Central Academy of Fine Arts (CAFA). He holds a Master of Architecture from Princeton University. He served as the Chief Curator and Academic Committee Member of the 9th Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture (UABB). He is also an Academic Committee Member of the Greater Bay Area Innovation Institute of the Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts and the Benyuan Design and Research Center of Shenzhen University. Previously, he was a visiting professor at Syracuse University, a lecturer at the Fine Arts School of Beijing Film Academy, and an open studio instructor at the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. His research fields include environmental technology, architectural exhibitions, and architectural media and narrative.

With an estimated population of over 3.7 million people, Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, is home to about a quarter of the country's urban population. The city generates more than 29% of Ethiopia's urban GDP and 20% of national urban employment. Over the last two decades, Addis Ababa has witnessed rapid socioeconomic changes and a drastic physical transformation, driven by a development-oriented government and the private sector.

When the first rays of sun strike the Swedish town of Jukkasjärvi, as winter gives way to spring, this ice hotel begins to melt. Five hundred tons of water flow toward the Torne River. What were once walls, floors, and ceilings are now drops of water seeking their natural course. In this scene, which has occurred every year since 1989, everything is a contradiction: the solidity and longevity of construction versus the ephemerality and transience of ice sculpture.

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The Oca da Saúde is one of the buildings that comprise the 4 Varas Integrated Mental Health Movement (MISMEC), located in Barra do Ceará, on the outskirts of Fortaleza. It serves as a healing space, offering free holistic care and experiences to the community. Built by traditional master builders alongside local residents, the structure features an Afro-Indigenous architectural typology rich in ancestral symbolism.

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“When I cannot build, I draw; when I cannot draw, I write; when I cannot write, I speak.” With this maxim, Le Corbusier leaves no doubt that, for him, the architect’s ultimate mission is construction. It is construction that underpins and fuels the technological and intellectual development surrounding the discipline of architecture: ways of building, creating space, and inhabiting. Yet, as he suggests, any linguistic resource—drawing, writing, or speech—can serve as a vehicle for construction.

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Located in the Bird Streets of Los Angeles, adjacent to Beverly Hills, the Blue Jay Way Residence occupies a prime, elevated site overlooking the Los Angeles and Hollywood skylines. The project’s open floor plan establishes a strong visual and experiential connection between the interior and the panoramic city views, complemented by staggered courtyards and warm white materials that invite a play of light and shadow into every corner of the building.

How can architecture and urbanism contribute once again to the debate and production of Social Interest Housing (HIS)? This was one of the central questions guiding the creation of the Social Interest Housing Guidelines Manual for Jardim Lapena, developed by the Tide Setubal Foundation and BlendLab for the East Zone of São Paulo. This manual gathered a set of guidelines on housing, management models, implementation, and integration with the urban environment, directing the proposals for the +Lapena Habitar Call for Projects held in late 2022.

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Hãhãwpuá is the name used by the Pataxó Indigenous people of Brazil to refer to the land, the soil, or, more precisely, the territory that after colonization became known as Brazil, though it has had—and still has—many other names. Amidst all these “Brazils,” Brazil as Indigenous land is the focus of the country's pavilion at the Venice Art Biennale 2024, which has consequently been renamed the Hãhãwpuá Pavilion.