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When migratory flows do not head toward major urban centers, spontaneous architecture emerges to fulfill the fundamental need for shelter and protection—the primary function of a dwelling. Using techniques that adapt to and improvise with locally available materials opens up new ways of imagining architecture and how humans shape their surroundings to serve their needs and desires. In the striking Chapada Diamantina, in the village of Igatu, diamond mining drew approximately thirty thousand people to live in a remote region lacking infrastructure, challenging human creativity to solve the housing problem. The response came through direct interaction with the immediate environment: stone.

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On July 29, 2021, we once again reached Earth Overshoot Day. This date marks the point when our annual consumption of natural resources and ecological services exceeds what Earth can regenerate in that same year. In other words, we enter the planet's "overdraft," according to the Global Footprint Network, the organization that has calculated Earth's ecological footprint since 1970.

The Akatu Institute, an organization promoting conscious consumption, issued a statement noting that Earth Overshoot Day in 2021 fell on the exact same date as in 2019. This means we have returned to pre-2020 levels, after the pandemic temporarily pushed the date back to August 22 last year.

Designers and architects are looking to the future, challenged to think about how to create safe, functional, and comfortable environments. From more open floor plans to materials that help mitigate the spread of disease, professionals are looking ahead, considering what gives us room to breathe and live together. 

Environment and Health

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Through its Seminar on Culture and Contemporary Reality course, Escola da Cidade hosted professor Alfredo Bosi to discuss the notion of culture—or cultures. In the conversation, drawing on personal experiences that touch on various spatial encounters, the professor interrogates and exposes the multiple facets of the word culture.

Architect Wandenkolk Tinoco passed away today, August 4, 2021, at the age of 85. Born in Recife in 1935, Tinoco graduated in architecture from the School of Fine Arts of Pernambuco in 1958, and in 1960 began teaching at the same institution, which later became the Federal University of Pernambuco.

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Have you ever heard of “agrowaste design”? This is how Filipino-Ghanaian architect Mae-Ling Lokko titles her work, a pioneering research initiative on the use of biomaterials in architecture. Alongside the growing demand for food production and housing in the 21st century, there is an equally fast-growing flow of material resources in the form of agricultural byproducts. This has the potential not only to close product lifecycle loops but also to foster forms of generative citizenship through upcycling.

Lokko seeks to rethink product cycles and use within the construction industry through a circular economy—where nothing is wasted and everything can be reused, even after it becomes obsolete.