The modernization of Bogotá between 1940 and 1970, captured in urban and architectural photo essays, was documented in various books, magazines, and photobooks of the era, as well as in images from public and private archives across the city. These images reveal an intentional, and even critical, approach to how modern architecture reconfigured city centers, placing new buildings and urban spaces in relation to the existing cityscape.

In analyzing the impact of photojournalism, the work of Sady González, Manuel H. and Daniel Rodríguez is essential. Architecture and the city serve as the backdrop for scenes of urban life, characters, events, and daily activities. Their photographs offer an indispensable visual testament for understanding the city's transformation and its historical context.

In this edition of Bogotá in the Eyes of 10 Photographers we explore the legacy of Sady González:

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The noias, identified by their abject bodies, evoke and challenge physical, social, spatial, symbolic, and moral boundaries, driving the creation of policies aimed at both their rehabilitation and their elimination. This article, organized by PISEAGRAMA based on the extensive ethnographic fieldwork conducted by the author up to 2012 and published in 2014 in the book Nas tramas do crack, offers an immersion into São Paulo's *cracolândia* (crackland), the most famous in the country, whose conflicts have replicated the term across the many others multiplying in various cities.
There, the *De Braços Abertos* (With Open Arms) program and heavy-handed repression have marked municipal and state administrations in recent years, highlighting the political conflict that emerges at the extremes of the territorial management of crack.

A mint that became the government palace of Chile. A pavilion in Paris that became a children's museum. The first work of the Modern Movement in Chile, and a revolutionary urban master plan that never materialized.

These and other examples in our selection of Chilean architectural classics, explained through their floor plans.

Imagine the scale of effort required to prevent 1.24 million deaths annually. This is the average number of traffic fatalities worldwide. Cities must urgently improve protection for their citizens to ensure that, amidst current urban population growth trends, this figure does not climb even higher. Yet, what if just eight actions were enough to prevent hundreds of deaths and serious injuries?

The publication “Cities Safer by Design” outlines “eight actions to improve road safety,” and we have looked at best practices and research that reflect some of these measures.

Videos

'Monumento: Humanity Behind the Concrete' is a documentary by Fernando Díaz on the construction of the National Holocaust Memorial in Buenos Aires, designed by architects Gustavo Nielsen and Sebastián Marsiglia.

The film establishes a dialogue between Holocaust survivors living in Buenos Aires and the construction of the monument, addressing the need to keep humanity's memory alive.

Watch the trailer for the documentary below.

On this occasion, the Arquia Foundation Blog, alongside architect Sabrina Gaudino Di Meo, presents an article on the urban antipathy of our cities—which has unfortunately become a daily experience, a naturalized condition, and a fixture of the collective imagination. Faced with this situation, who is responsible? Where are urban planning and social policies when it comes to making our cities friendlier?

In this piece, the Arquia Foundation Blog, alongside an article by architect and educator Santiago de Molina, calls on anyone wishing to become an architect in the near future to maintain a cultivated skepticism of almost everything, to have the courage to trust nothing, and to make the effort to maintain and nourish a cultivated imagination.

Researchers recently announced the discovery of the world's largest termite mound complex, located in northeastern Brazil. The total volume of excavated soil is estimated to equal 4,000 Pyramids of Giza, with the complex itself averaging 4,000 years of age and covering an estimated area of 230,000 square kilometers—equivalent to the size of Great Britain.

Following the passing of the prolific Ecuadorian architect Rubén Moreira (1939-2018) last Friday, July 13, in Quito, the team at Revista Trama—composed of Evelia Peralta, Rolando Moya Tasquer, and Rómulo Moya Peralta—shared the following words in tribute to the historic architect, academic, and professional association president.

We bid farewell to Rubén Moreira with deep sorrow, profoundly saddened by his passing at a time when he still had so much to ponder, develop, give, and live.  

We will not forget the human being and the architect who left an indelible mark on Ecuadorian architecture. We can attest to his profound humanity; he was supportive, a loyal friend, and consistent with his ideals and convictions. We crossed paths with him on various occasions over more than 42 years, as he always sought to contribute to a more just and beautiful construction of society, cities, architecture, institutions, education, and humanity.

Whether from the perspective of a French tourist, the narrative of philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre, or as the starting point of Marco Polo's pioneering journeys in his Travels, the city of Venice is part of an immeasurable global literary repertoire, occupying the role of a mysterious and beautiful object that intrigues anyone who sets out to experience it. It features in art and history books when the focus is on the great works of architecture and visual arts the city holds, or when there is interest in the divergent and legendary narratives surrounding its origin. In fiction, the calm aura of its canals, the narrow alleyways, and the colors and textures of its landscape serve as a backdrop for a myriad of imagined stories.

The social initiatives of Ecuadorian architect David Regalado Ojeda in the city of Loja demonstrate a departure from the autonomous architectural project, addressing collective formal identity through a park built from recycled materials, where history is transformed into play and learning.

Artists, volunteers, and the local community collaborated on the project with zero financial investment: everything was recycled and built through community support. 

Below, a few words from architect David Regalado Ojeda:

Today's Google Doodle, featured on its homepage in Brazil, honors Milton Santos, a world-renowned Brazilian geographer widely celebrated for his pioneering work bridging geography and urbanization studies in developing countries. With a prolific career, Santos left a vast intellectual legacy, now compiled on a website created by his family. Organized into biographies, books, articles, research, and audiovisual materials, it keeps alive the legacy of this key figure in the fields of geography and urban studies.

The Chilean firm of Jaime Larraín and Osvaldo Larraín is notable—among many other things—for treating facades as a unified compositional element. The architects' work includes completed buildings in the cities of Viña del Mar and Santiago, which are distinguished by the unique plastic composition of their street fronts, as well as their contribution to the urban image of their respective settings.

Their projects explore the creation of rhythm, the use of color, and repetition as compositional principles, standing out for an urban design approach that—informed by these considerations—is most clearly expressed in their collective housing projects.  

The team at '3 Construcciones' has developed a sustainable housing construction system based on frames and recovered plastic modules, aiming to establish a mass-scale, low-cost, and low-energy method to address Argentina's housing deficit.

Late last November, we published the winners of the second call for graduation projects in Colombia—also known as undergraduate theses—for which we received 70 submissions from 14 cities and 29 universities. Ultimately, nine projects passed the three evaluation stages, standing out for addressing current pressing issues, developing in-depth research analyses, and posing challenges for both urban and rural contexts, just as in 2016.

In this feature, we take an in-depth look at Boundary and Architecture: Relationship Between Interior and Exterior Space, a proposal developed by John Pineda Torres, Juan Salamanca Carrillo, Javier Pachón Romero, and Nathalia Sánchez Rojas, all graduates of the Universidad Piloto de Colombia.

How many architecture students sit down to listen to a community's needs and transform them into a project to be built during the academic term? Few. While there are several participatory courses in universities, they often remain as proposals—brilliant ones, by the way—without ever materializing; though, of course, they leave us inspired. Meanwhile, other projects that do get built do not necessarily involve an exhaustive dialogue with the residents of the site. In recent years, students at Peru's architecture schools are increasingly engaging with reality, recognizing that the country is an experimental laboratory still under construction. And the project presented here is the first of such complexity to be built within a university workshop.

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Videos

Domotics = Domus ('home' in Latin) + Autonomous ('self-governing' in Greek)

True to its name, domotics enables a home to function intelligently, responding to user needs through automated systems that improve spatial habitability and comfort, increase security, and boost long-term energy and financial savings.

By utilizing sensors, motorized systems, wireless technologies, and direct integration with smartphones or tablets, domotics is here to stay. It can be integrated into architectural projects from the initial stages through various automated systems. How can this be achieved? Here is a selection of solutions classified by their benefits: energy savings, comfort, accessibility, and security.

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El Campo de Cebada has become a benchmark for self-management and the collective construction of public spaces, closely linked to the Spanish *acampadas* of 2011. In this article, the architecture collective Zuloark reflects on the key principles that made the experiment work.

Jean Pierre Crousse and Sandra Barclay have just won the Mies Crown Hall Americas Prize –the highest architectural distinction in the Americas– with the recently completed Edificio E at the Universidad de Piura. Through their work, Barclay & Crousse has approached the Peruvian territory and landscape from different perspectives and at different scales, complementing this approach with research and teaching at the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, where they explore the transdisciplinary and multiscalar dimensions of architecture.

In this interview, we delve into their relationship with teaching, the Peruvian territory, and the role of architecture today in countries like Peru.

Every now and then, it is inevitable to pause, set everything aside, and simply think about the future. This necessary imaginative exercise—performed countless times throughout the history of fiction—allows us, among other things, to recognize where we stand and understand where we are going. As such, it becomes a relevant and compelling practice to apply to our own transformative and visionary discipline. We proposed this challenge to several Chilean architects, inviting them to speculate not just on the near future—already difficult to navigate in today's liquid modernity—but on a more distant horizon, framed by the question: what will be the role of architects in Chile over the next 25 years?

Their opinions and commentary, emphasizing different facets of architectural practice, share several common threads by connecting current issues and questions relevant to the 21st-century city: the human dimension—the ethical, the collective, the common—and the urban realm, in their relationships and forms of organization.

Architects Rafael Pina and Nicolás Maruri, from the ARKRIT Collective, reflect on the soccer fields nestled within the adobe and rammed earth settlements of Morocco's High Atlas. Having barely altered the territory, these spaces integrate and merge into the topography through minimal modifications and actions for a single, simple purpose: to play.

Construction requires mobilizing material resources and human labor, inevitably transforming the territory. Building with what is readily available is a stance that can be driven by ethics, but also by necessity. In either case, the outcome is usually economical and fitting. Resource consumption is kept to a minimum, and adaptation to the environment becomes a natural consequence.

Videos

BASE Studio, a design and research practice focused on innovative architectural systems, has designed "Flocking Tejas," a pavilion made of handcrafted clay tiles. The installation emerges as an architectural system that expands the possibilities of handmade materials and adaptive systems, ultimately creating an intervention designed to spark the curiosity of its users.

The project was a finalist in the YAP_Constructo 8 competition, directed by architects Marcelo Sarovic and Jeannette Plaut.

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Videos

For many years, Mexico City has been what many authors call a "living organism," built day by day and choreographed in diverse ways. Santiago Arau's work portrays a city where time passes, shaped by its inhabitants—ranging from sweeping aerial views to the daily gaze of a commuter on public transit. Don't miss this time-lapse, which will allow you to imagine (or remember) what it is like to experience Mexico City in just one minute.

Videos

To encourage the use of bicycles as a non-motorized mode of transportation, BKT Mobiliario Urbano has developed the Ciclopuerto CP-009; a geometric piece made of recycled aluminum and rubber that accommodates two bicycles per rack. The unit consists of a metal structure clad in recycled aluminum on its lower section to increase durability, and rubber on its upper section to protect bicycles from scratches and other damage.

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